Matsushima is a famous tourist destination located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, renowned for its scenic bay dotted with around 260 small and large islands. It is celebrated as one of the Three Views of Japan (Nihon Sankei). Many of these islands are covered with dense growths of Japanese black pines and red pines, creating a uniquely picturesque landscape. Whether viewed from the shore or aboard a sightseeing boat, visitors can fully appreciate the natural beauty formed by the interplay between the islands and the bay.
Matsushima Bay lies in the central part of Sendai Bay and is one of its inlets. Geographically, it stretches from Karato Island in Higashimatsushima City to Hanabuchi Cape in Shichigahama Town. The southwestern end, near Shiogama City, is sometimes referred to as Shiogama Bay or Chiga no Ura. The bay is a classic example of a ria coastline, shaped by a combination of tectonic uplift, subsidence, and river erosion. Since the Pliocene epoch, the area has undergone repeated crustal movements, resulting in the formation of numerous islands and a highly indented shoreline. The land here consists of soft tuff and sandstone, making it susceptible to erosion from ocean waves. As a result, many islands have mushroom-like shapes or form striking rock formations and sea cliffs.
The exact number of islands has varied in historical records, ranging from 87 to over 240. Modern surveys using topographic maps and fieldwork suggest there are about 260 islands, possibly up to 300 if reefs are included. Notable islands include Nio Island, Kane Island, Katsura Island, and Fukuura Island, each with unique characteristics and historical, religious, or literary significance.
Because of their fragile geological makeup, the islands of Matsushima continue to evolve through natural weathering and erosion. There are records of islands disappearing entirely after typhoons, illustrating the dynamic and ever-changing nature of this coastal landscape.
