Alishan Township is located in the eastern part of Chiayi County, Taiwan. It is the only mountainous township in the county and was formerly known as Wufeng Township. Covering an area of approximately 428 square kilometers, it is the largest administrative region in Chiayi County by area and has the lowest population density, accounting for about one-fifth of the county's total area. Geographically, Alishan Township borders Zhushan Township in Nantou County to the north, Xinyi Township of Nantou and Taoyuan District of Kaohsiung City to the east, Meishan, Zhuqi, and Fanlu Townships to the west, and Dapu Township and Namasia District of Kaohsiung City to the south.
The residents of Alishan Township are predominantly from the Tsou tribe, one of Taiwan’s indigenous peoples, and their primary language is Tsou. The township is home to eight Tsou villages, which are part of two major tribal communities: Dabang and Tefuye. In Tsou culture, these major communities serve as centers for rituals and daily interactions. Each village has its own distinctive features — for example, the Tanayiku Valley in Shanmei is known for its rich fish resources, Caoshan has elegant pavilions, Leye is famous for its maple tree landscapes, and Laiji village sits in harmony with Mount Tashan. These natural and cultural characteristics together form the diverse cultural landscape of Alishan.
Alishan is renowned not only for its indigenous culture but also for its unique natural resources and historical development. During the Japanese colonial period, the Alishan Forest Railway was built to transport timber, connecting various scenic spots in the mountainous area. Today, the Alishan National Forest Recreation Area showcases natural attractions such as sunrises, sea of clouds, sunsets, forests, and flower seasons, making it a popular destination for both domestic and international tourists.
Every spring, the cherry blossom season draws large crowds of flower enthusiasts. The spectacular sight of the sea of clouds rolling in at sunrise is also a must-see for many visitors. The famous "Sacred Tree Boardwalk" within the Alishan Forest Recreation Area preserves nearly 40 giant red cypress trees. Among them, the "Xianglin Sacred Tree of Alishan" stands 45 meters tall and is estimated to be about 2,300 years old, bearing witness to the area's long history of forestry and the enduring power of nature.
In addition, there are many other attractions rich in natural and cultural significance, including Sister Ponds, Zhushan Sunrise Viewing Platform, Shouzhen Temple, Ciyun Temple, and various facilities and trails that document forestry history. Whether taking the small train from downtown Chiayi or driving along Provincial Highway 18, visitors can easily reach the Alishan National Forest Recreation Area and experience the charm of Taiwan’s mid- to high-altitude mountain regions.
Alishan is more than just a place name — it is a symbol of Taiwan’s mountainous landscape. From its rich indigenous culture and magnificent natural scenery to its long-standing forestry history, Alishan Township reflects the many facets of Taiwan’s mountain life and continues to attract travelers from around the world to explore and admire.
